This book is a follow-up to the author's Coinage of Akbar: The Connoisseur's Choice published in 2005, and is the result of extensive research over a period of nearly eight years. On the basis of feedback received from the fellow coin collectors and scholars, whereas the classification of less common coins has been retained (that is S for scarce, R for rare, RR for still rarer; and RRR for extremely rare), the illustrations have been placed side by side with the description for easier reference. Jahangirs coins have always been most sought-after of the Mughal coins on account of their exquisite beauty and craftsmanship. As the demand has always out-stripped supply they have continued to be the forgers favourite. Keeping this in mind a chapter has been added on Forgeries. It should be of particular help to new collectors. The catalogue section of the book which covers 205 pages (57 for gold coins with 125 types,108 for silver with 226 types; and 40 pages for copper coins with 60 types) is profusely illustrated with over 600 coins. These represent not only all the famous museums and numismatic societies, but also the rarest of rare specimens from private collections all over the world. Many of these are being published for the first time; specially Jahangirs copper coins which represent as many as 47 mints. The authors investigative approach will be of interest to numismatic scholars and academicians in finding answers to some of their most baffling questions. For example, why did Jahangir issue a large proportion of his coins with the name of his father, but Akbar was conspicuously missing from his kalima type coins?; or, Why did he issue some coins with the exhortation Allah-Uh-Akbar with his own name missing ?, etc., etc. A foreword by Shailendra Bhandare, one of the most knowledgeable Mughal numismatic scholars of our times, adds considerably to the value of the monograph.
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The reign of Sultan Mahmud II went down in history as the period of major coin debasements of the Ottoman Empire. While the solution of the States financial problems was sought by diminishing the fineness and the weight of the coins, extreme price increases emerged in the economy due to the loss of monetary value. The British sterling which used to be 19 kurush in the early years of the reign of Sultan Mahmud II rose to 106 kurush towards the end.
The present volume of this work, which is expected to be completed in 9 volumes, covers the reign of Sultan Mahmud II, year-by-year chronological information regarding the 54 years of these sultanates, the most significant historical developments of this period and detailed information on coins.
This volume includes the details of 1217 coins of Sultan Mahmud II Additionally, the book provides the local history of all provinces which issued coins during these reigns and examines the characteristics of the coins minted in these provinces.
An inventory of the coins belonging to the sultans is provided at the end of the book.
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From the end of the sixteenth century onwards, various administrative, military, industrial, commercial, financial and social developments, which occurred within the boundaries of the Ottoman state and throughout the world, were instrumental in exacerbating the economic problems of the Ottoman Empire. These developments which greatly affected coin minting can be summarised briefly as follows: The silver crisis that emerged due to the closure of the silver mines in the 17th century in the Ottoman Empire was also a factor causing the collapse of the Ottoman monetary system. The standards of the coins produced at the mints outside of Istanbul started to degrade and the state was not able to inspect the fineness and measures of the coins due to the weakness of the central authority. The state which could not control the mints under these difficult circumstances ended the operations of many of them. While the number of mints producing coins had been above 50 at the beginning of the century, as of the mid-17th century the number of active mints came down to less than 10 as indicated in the list below. The present volume of this work, which is expected to be completed in nine volumes, covers the reigns of sultans Mustafa I, Osman II, Murad IV, Ibrahim and Mehmed IV, and contains: Year-by-year chronological information regarding the 67 years of these sultanates; the most significant historical developments of this period; detailed information on coins. This volume includes the details of 28 coins of Sultan Suleyman II, 18 coins of Sultan Ahmed II, 104 coins of Sultan Mustafa II, 346 coins of Sultan Ahmed III and 335 coins of Sultan Mahmud I; i.e. 831 gold and silver coins. Additionally, the book provides the local history of nearly 50 provinces which issued coins during these reigns and examines the characteristics of the coins minted in these provinces. An inventory of the coins belonging to the sultans is provided at the end of the book.
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Replica of the Kaba, comes in Gold or Silver. Perfect Muslim Gift for Eid, Shahadah, Wedding, or Hajj. Resin and velvet; accented in rhinestones. Features Arabic script inscription. Choose from Mini (4.25 x 3.75in) Small (4.5 x 4in) or Large (6.25x 5.25in). Made in Turkey; due to the manufacturing process and hand-finished detailing, this item may have minor imperfections.
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The Arabic calligraphy on the left hand painting reads " ALLAHU AKBAR" on the middle painting it reads "LA ILAHA ILLA ALLAH" and on the right hand painting it reads "BISMILLAH IR-RAHMAN IR-RAHIM". The calligraphy is gold on cream backgrounds. I have painted on four layers of gold paint to ensure a radiant and lustrous finish. There are three separate canvases, each one measures 40cm (16 inches) high x 30cm (12 inches) wide x 1.7cm (0.6 inches) deep. There are no staples or tacks on the sides of the frame, and the paint goes right down the edges so the canvas is ready to hang as it is. Although you can add a frame if you so wish. Your paintings will be carefully packaged in bubble wrap and cardboard to ensure they reach you in perfect condition.
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Gift ideas|Islamic Coins and Their Values Volume 2: The Early Modern Period, Handbook of Islamic Coins, Islamic Coins and Their Values Volume 1: The Mediaeval Period, How to Read Islamic Calligraphy (
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